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Respiratory mechanics study in experimental animal model of venom-induced acute lung injury: A new proposal for an old technique

Renata Kelly da Palma, Paula Naomi Nonaka, Nadua Apostólico, Nina Teixeira Fonsêca, Jéssica Julioti Urbano, Ezequiel Fernandes Oliveira, Ismael Sousa Dias, Sergio Roberto Nacif, Rodolfo de Paula Vieira, Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira

Med Sci Tech 2013; 54:164-168

DOI: 10.12659/MST.889928


Background: Accidents involving poisoning can progress to severe clinical conditions with serious repercussions to the respiratory system, which can be measured from the end-inspiratory occlusions after constant flow inflations. Our objective was to demonstrate how the end-inspiratory occlusions after constant flow inflation technique can be used as a new experimental protocol for an animal model submitted to different crude venoms and and/or venom components in the assessment of the behavior of ventilatory mechanics.
Material/Methods: The animals are inoculated with the toxin, anesthetized, and a tracheostomy is performed, the tracheal cannula is then connected to a pneumotachograph and to a mechanical ventilator which allows the control of tidal volume, air flow and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Five-second post-inspiration pauses are performed in accordance with the occlusion method. This experimental model allows the study of the mechanical behavior of the respiratory system in cases of poisoning by different animals.
Results: A previous study seeking to verify the pulmonary mechanics and viscoelastic pressures showed that Est, Edyn, and DeltaP2 increased at 1 h in both venom groups, being significantly higher in V1 than in V0.3, and decreasing progressively, reaching control values at 48 h in V0.3, but remaining altered in V1 at 72 h. DeltaP1 augmented in V1 at 1 h, returning to normal at 72 h.
Conclusions: Based on previous studies, animal venoms in crude form generate significant lung injury with significant changes in compliance and elastance of the respiratory system and/or isolated lung. However, little is known about the effects of isolated components of these venoms, which should be addressed in future studies.

Keywords: Experimental animal model., toxins, venom, Respiratory Mechanics

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